The T́uliǹgrai Etymological Dictionary

NAM–

Etymology: Er. inam, hand (noun)

nama — To grip with a hand, to restrain with a hand, to place a hand on something of someone; also, to promote someone to the rank of corporal (transitive verb, zanamax).

Namai — (1) A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Nama. (2) A lesser household of the First History. Insignia: a black left hand, palm outward, fingers spread (proper noun).

namakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of a hand or hands, or the rank badge of a corporal (count noun, enamakorai).

namakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enamakorestai).

namakristei — A dream of hands, or of being promoted to corporal (event noun, einamakristai).

namakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, einamakristestai).

namarnē — A person who grips with a hand, a gripper; who restrains with a hand, a holder or restrainer; who places a hand on something of someone; a person who promotes someone to the rank of corporal, a promoter (animate noun, ēnamarnai).

name — A hand. Also, in the Second History, in the army of the Tlâń Kingdom, the smallest military unit, referred to in fiction on this site as a squad. A squad consists of four common soldiers, the same number as the number of fingers and thumb of a hand, hence the name. The squad leader is a fifth person. There are no officers in a squad, or commanding it (count noun, enamai).

nameste — A group or set or collection of the above; that is, a bunch of hands, or a bunch of squads (count noun, enamestai).

namestē — In the Second History, in the army of the Tlâń Kingdom, the second rank of common-born soldier, referred to in fiction on this site as a corporal. A corporal may be a member of a squad, or the squad leader (animate noun, ēnamestai).

namê — Handedness, as in whether a person is left-handed, right-handed, or ambidextrous. Also, the rank, duty, and responsibility of being a corporal (mass noun, ênamai).

namei — The act of gripping with a hand, restraining with a hand, placing a hand on something of someone; the act or process of promoting someone to the rank of corporal; the act of holding up a hand as a gesture or signal (event noun, einamai).

namē — A person or other living thing with one or more hands, or which has bilateral symmetry (animate noun, ēnamai).

nami — To hold up one hand, typically the left hand, as a signal or gesture of others before speaking (intransitive verb, zanamix).

namirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēnamirnai).

namo — Like or pertaining to a hand, a squad, or a corporal (adjective, namol).

namy — As above, but an adverb (adverb, namyr).

NAL–

Etymology: Er. nal, to piss (verb)

nala — To piss or urinate on something or someone (transitive verb, zanalax).

Nalai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Nali (proper noun).

nalakore — A piece of jewelry which is piss-colored (count noun, enalakorai).

nalakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enalakorestai).

nalakristei — A dream of pissing or urinating (event noun, einalakristai).

nalakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, einalakristestai).

nalarnē — A person who pisses or urinates on something or someone (animate noun, ēnalarnai).

nale — A drop of piss or urine (count noun, enalai).

naleste — A pool or puddle of piss or urine (count noun, enalestai).

nalê — Piss, urine (mass noun, ênalai).

nalei — The act of pissing or urination (event noun, einalai).

nalē — A living thing which drinks the liquid waste of another, or lives in the urinary tract of another (animate noun, ēnalai).

nali — To piss or urinate (intransitive verb, zanalix).

nalirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēnalirnai).

nalo — Like or pertaining to piss or urine; urinary; smelling like piss, piss-colored (adjective, nalol).

naly — As above, but an adverb (adverb, nalyr).

NÂH–

Etymology: Er. nah, see (verb)

nâha — To see something, but only in the light bands from purple to red, not in ultra-violet or infra-red (transitive verb, zanâhax).

Nâhai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Nâha (proper noun).

nâhakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of an eye that can only see in the range from purple to red; or a rainbow or spectrum that only includes those colors (count noun, enâhakorai).

nâhakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enâhakorestai).

nâhakristei — A dream of vision, of seeing something (event noun, einâhakristai).

nâhakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, einâhakristestai).

nâharnē — A person who sees something in the range of light from purple to red (animate noun, ēnâharnai).

nâhe — Light in the colors from purple to red, or a source of such, or a discrete object colored in that range (count noun, enâhai).

nâheste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, enâhestai).

nâhê — Sight, vision; the ability to see, but only in a limited range from purple to red (mass noun, ênâhai).

nâhei — The act of seeing or viewing; sight, vision (event noun, einâhai).

nâhē — A living thing that can only see in the spectral range from purple to red (animate noun, ēnâhai).

nâhi — To have sight, to be able to see, as opposed to being blind (intransitive verb, zanâhix).

nâhirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēnâhirnai).

nâho — Like or pertaining to sight or vision; apparent, or visible, in purple to red light (adjective, nâhol).

nâhy — As above, but an adverb; apparently, or visibly, within the same range of light (adverb, nâhyr).

NEG–

Etymology: No Er. antecedents; the octal numbers, and the symbols for them, were coined by the Verē in a complete break with their ancestors' decimal number system and numerals.

 is the 43rd letter of the T́uliǹgrai alphabet, which includes not only symbols for consonantal and vocalic sounds, but numerals and punctuation.

nega — To make four of something, or to divide something into four parts (transitive verb, zanegax).

Negai — A personal name, of any gender, sometimes given by parents to their fourth-born offspring. Compare the common Roman name Quartus, "fourth son" in Latin (proper noun).

negakore — A piece of jewelry invoking the number 4, as a pin or pendant or earring in the shape of the number, or a necklace consisting of four strings of pearls or other jewels gathered at the clasp, or an earring or other jewelry consisting of four strings of beads or jewels pendant from a common point (count noun, enegakorai).

negakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enegakorestai).

negakristei — A dream of four things, wherein the fact that there are four of them feels important (event noun, einegakristai).

negakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, einegakristestai).

negaperse — Base-4 arithmetic, that is, math where there are 4 single-digit numbers, 0 through 3, and the numeral 4 is represented as "10"; in superbinary multitronics, logic and circuit elements with 4 possible states instead of just two (count noun, enegapersai).

negaperso — Like or pertaining to base-4; "base-4" as an adjective (adjective, negapersol).

negapersy — As above, but an adverb; "as in base-4" (adverb, negapersyr).

negarnē — An artist who produces a limited run of four of something; a writer who creates a series of four books, poems, or stories (animate noun, ēnegarnai).

nege — The number 4; the letter, numeral, or symbol for the number 4; a representation of the number 4, as a playing card (count noun, enegai).

negeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, enegestai).

negê — Fourness, quaternality (?), quaternity (?) (mass noun, ênegai).

negei — The act of dividing something into four parts; the division of something into four parts; the act of doing something four times (event noun, einegai).

negē — A person or other living thing regarded as the fourth one in any series; as the fourth-born child, the fourth-born of a litter of animals, the fourth in command of an organization, the fourth in line of succession; or having four eyes, four body segments, or radially symmetrical with four limbs or lobes (animate noun, ēnegai).

negi — To do something four times (intransitive verb, zanegix).

negirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēnegirnai).

negity — Four at a time, four by four (adverb, negityr).

nego — The cardinal number 4, four, e.g., four ships; having four parts, four-limbed, four-lobed, four-eyed; cut or divided into four pieces (adjective, negol).

negolmo — The ordinal number 4, fourth, as the fourth ship (adjective, negolmol).

negolmy — As above, but an adverb; fourthly, in the fourth place, for the fourth time, on the fourth occasion (adverb, negolmyr).

negusky — Four each or four apiece, when used with a plural subject or object, e.g., 5 stars with 4 planets each have 35 planets total; four total or four collectively, when used with a collective subject or object; four planets altogether, no matter how many stars are in the group (adverb, neguskyr).

negy — As negol, but an adverb; fourly, like four things; like a thing with four parts; like a thing cut or divided into four pieces; four times (adverb, negyr).

NIT–

Etymology: Er. nite, formerly (adverb)

nita — To send someone into the past; to make someone live in the past; to deny someone a future (transitive verb, zanitax).

Nitai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Nito (proper noun).

nitakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of something from the past, as a fossil or stone tool (count noun, enitakorai).

nitakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enitakorestai).

nitakristei — A dream of the past (event noun, einitakristai).

nitakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, einitakristestai).

nitarnē — A person who sends another into the past; makes someone live in the past; or denies someone a future (animate noun, ēnitarnai).

nite — An artifact or relic of the past; a time in the past (count noun, enitai).

niteste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, enitestai).

nitê — The past; time before the present (mass noun, ênitai).

nitei — The act of sending someone into the past; of making someone live in the past; of denying someone a future; or the act of living in the past, either literally or by living as though nothing had changed since a given time (event noun, einitai).

nitē — A person or other living thing from the past (animate noun, ēnitai).

niti — To live in the past, either literally, or ignoring everything that's changed since a given time (intransitive verb, zanitix).

nitirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēnitirnai).

nito — Like or pertaining to the past; former, earlier, previous, in the past (adjective, nitol).

nity — As above, but an adverb; formerly, earlier, previously, in the past; "once upon a time" (adverb, nityr).

NIH–

Etymology: Er. ni, go (verb)

niha — To send or dispatch someone on a journey, to make someone go or cause someone to go, to order someone to take a trip or voyage (transitive verb, zanihax).

Nihai — A personal name, usually male (proper noun).

nihakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of something connected with travelling (count noun, enihakorai).

nihakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enihakorestai).

nihakristei — A dream of travelling (event noun, einihakristai).

nihakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, einihakristestai).

niharnē — A person who sends or dispatches another on a journey, makes someone go or causes someone to go, or orders someone to take a trip or voyage; a sender, a dispatcher (animate noun, ēniharnai).

nihe — A discrete trip or voyage, with a specific destination (count noun, enihai).

niheste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, enihestai).

nihê — A trip or voyage with more than one destination, or with no definite destination (mass noun, ênihai).

nihei — The act of sending or dispatching another on a journey, making someone go or causing someone to go, or ordering someone to take a trip or voyage; also, the act of going, travelling, voyaging, or taking a trip on one's own (event noun, einihai).

nihē — A person or other living thing who roams continuously within a range; a roamer (animate noun, ēnihai).

nihi — To go, travel, voyage, take a trip or a journey (intransitive verb, zanihix).

nihirnē — A person who does the above; a goer, traveller, voyager, journeyer, wayfarer (animate noun, ēnihirnai).

niho — Like or pertaining to a trip, voyage, or journey (adjective, nihol).

nihy — As above, but an adverb (adverb, nihyr).

NOV–

Etymology: Er. nova, an iris flower (noun)

nova — To pick iris flowers, to tend a bed of irises (transitive verb, zanovax).

Novai — (1) A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Nova. (2) The next-to-last month of the Verē calendar, q.v. (proper noun)

novakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of an iris flower (count noun, enovakorai).

novakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enovakorestai).

novakristei — A dream of iris flowers (event noun, einovakristai).

novakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, einovakristestai).

novarnē — A person who tends or picks iris flowers; a gardener (animate noun, ēnovarnai).

nove — An iris flower (count noun, enovai).

noveste — A group or set or collection of iris flowers, as in a bowl or vase (count noun, enovestai).

novê — The scent of iris flowers (mass noun, ênovai).

novei — The act of tending iris plants, picking the flowers, or wearing them in one's hair (event noun, einovai).

novē — A person born in the month of Novai; a living thing that lives on or feeds off irises, as an insect that sucks sap or a bird that sips nectar (animate noun, ēnovai).

novi — To wear an iris flower in one's hair (intransitive verb, zanovix).

novirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēnovirnai).

novo — Like or pertaining to iris plants or flowers (adjective, novol).

novy — As above, but an adverb (adverb, novyr).

NOM–

Etymology: Er. onom, province (noun)

noma — To send, make or cause to go, or order someone to a state of province; to appoint someone to govern or administer a state of province (transitive verb, zanomax).

Nomai — A personal name, of any gender (proper noun).

nomakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of the territorial outline of a state or province, an emblem of it, or something native to it (count noun, enomakorai).

nomakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enomakorestai).

nomakristei — A dream of a state or province, including a dream of visiting, dwelling in, or governing it (event noun, einomakristai).

nomakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, einomakristestai).

nomarnē — A person who sends, makes or causes to go, or orders another to a state of province; or appoints someone to govern or administer a state of province (animate noun, ēnomarnai).

nome — A territorial division of a nation not divided into feudal realms as baronies; a province, a state (count noun, enomai).

nomeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, enomestai).

nomê — Statehood, provincialness; a substance from a state or province, as cheese or wine (mass noun, ênomai).

nomei — The act of sending, making or causing to go, or ordering someone to a state of province; of appointing someone to govern or administer a state or province; the act or visiting or administering a state or province (event noun, einomai).

nomē — A person or other living thing dwelling in or native to a state or province (animate noun, ēnomai).

nomi — To visit a state or province; also, to administer or govern it (intransitive verb, zanomix).

nomirnē — A person who does the above; a visitor, governor, or administrator of a state of province (animate noun, ēnomirnai).

nomo — Like or pertaining to a state or province; state, as an adjective; provincial (adjective, nomol).

nomy — As above, but an adverb; provincially (adverb, nomyr).

NORET–

Etymology: no, informal name for the letter N, + ret, a letter of the alphabet (count noun)

noreta — To mark something with the letter N (transitive verb, zanoretax).

noretarnē — A person who marks something with the letter N (animate noun, ēnoretarnai).

norete — The letter N of the T́uliǹgrai alphabet (count noun, enoretai).

noreteste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, enoretestai).

noretekore — A piece of jewelry in the form of the letter N of the T́uliǹgrai alphabet (count noun, enoretekorai).

noretekoreste — A group or set or collection of the above; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enoretekorestai).

noretê — N-ness, the balance, shape, design, or composition of the letter N (mass noun, ênoretai).

noretei — The act of marking something with an N, or making art incorporating the letter N (event noun, einoretai).

noreti — To make a piece of art that incorporates the letter N (intransitive verb, zanoretix).

noretirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēnoretirnai).

noreto — Like or pertaining to the letter N (adjective, noretol).

norety — As above, but an adverb (adverb, noretyr).

NUM–

Etymology: Er. num, reconsider (verb)

numa — To reconsider something (transitive verb, zanumax).

Numai — A personal name, of any gender, sometimes given to a second child; transcribed in fiction on this site as Numa (proper noun).

Numestai — The name of the ninth day of a month (the 11th day, in octal numbers) in the Verē calendar, q.v. (proper noun)

numakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of symbol for Numestai sometimes used on calendars, or the number 11 in Verē numbers (count noun, enumakorai).

numakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, enumakorestai).

numakristei — A dream of Numestai (event noun, einumakristai).

numakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, einumakristestai).

numarnē — A person who reconsiders something (animate noun, ēnumarnai).

nume — A discrete thing to be reconsidered, or a token or reminder of it (count noun, enumai).

numeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, enumestai).

numê — Something abstract to be reconsidered, as a plan or intention (mass noun, ênumai).

numei — The act of reconsidering; reconsideration; having second thoughts about something (event noun, einumai).

numē — A person given to second thoughts; a living thing that moves in fits and starts (animate noun, ēnumai).

numi — To hesitate, to fear to go through with something (intransitive verb, zanumix).

numirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēnumirnai).

numo — Like or pertaining to reconsideration (adjective, numol).

numy — As above, but an adverb (adverb, numyr).

*NIRET–

Etymology: *ni, informal name for the letter *N, + ret, a letter of the alphabet (count noun)

*nireta — To mark something with the letter *N (transitive verb, za*niretax).

*niretarnē — A person who marks something with the letter *N (animate noun, ē*niretarnai).

*nirete — The letter *N of the T́uliǹgrai alphabet (count noun, e*niretai).

*nireteste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, e*niretestai).

*niretekore — A piece of jewelry in the form of the letter *N of the T́uliǹgrai alphabet (count noun, e*niretekorai).

*niretekoreste — A group or set or collection of the above; or a box to keep them in (count noun, e*niretekorestai).

*niretê — *N-ness, the balance, shape, design, or composition of the letter *N (mass noun, ê*niretai).

*niretei — The act of marking something with an *N, or making art incorporating the letter *N (event noun, ei*niretai).

*nireti — To make a piece of art that incorporates the letter *N (intransitive verb, za*niretix).

*niretirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ē*niretirnai).

*nireto — Like or pertaining to the letter *N (adjective, *niretol).

*nirety — As above, but an adverb (adverb, *niretyr).

*NUL–

Etymology: Er. hnulr, empty (adjective)

*nula — To empty something, to make something empty; to empty something out (transitive verb, za*nulax).

*Nulai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as *Nulo (proper noun).

*nulakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of empty things clustered or connected (count noun, e*nulakorai).

*nulakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, e*nulakorestai).

*nulakristei — A dream of emptiness (event noun, ei*nulakristai).

*nulakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, ei*nulakristestai).

*nularnē — A person who makes something empty (animate noun, ē*nularnai).

*nule — A discrete thing which is empty, as a cup (count noun, e*nulai).

*nuleste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, e*nulestai).

*nulê — Emptiness; also, a void, a vacuum (mass noun, ê*nulai).

*nulei — The act of emptying something (event noun, ei*nulai).

*nulē — A person or other living thing with empty spots in its skull, a sinusoid; also, a living thing with hollow bones, as a bird (animate noun, ē*nulai).

*nuli — To live in a dwelling emptied out of something else, as a cave dweller, a bird that nests in a hollow in a tree, or a hermit that lives in a cell carved out of a boulder (intransitive verb, za*nulix).

*nulirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ē*nulirnai).

*nulo — Like or pertaining to emptiness, empty (adjective, *nulol).

*nuly — As above, but an adverb; emptily, in an empty fashion, in an empty voice (adverb, *nulyr).