The T́uliǹgrai Etymological Dictionary

ŽAĎ–

Etymology: Eretiǹgrai ižaδ, electricity (noun)

žaδa — To provide electricity for something; to apply electricity to something, to electrify; to kill someone with electricity, to electrocute (transitive verb, zažaδax).

Žaδai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Žaδo (proper noun).

žaδakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of a symbol or sign of electricity (count noun, ežaδakorai).

žaδakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ežaδakorestai).

žaδakristei — A dream of electricity (event noun, eižaδakristai).

žaδakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eižaδakristestai).

žaδarnē — A person who provides electricity, electrifies something, or electrocutes someone; an electrician, electric-power technician or engineer, electrifier, or electrocutioner (animate noun, ēžaδarnai).

žaδe — A unit of electricity, as a watt, ampere, or volt (count noun, ežaδai).

žaδeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ežaδestai).

žaδê — Electricity (mass noun, êžaδai).

žaδei — The act of providing electricity, electrifying something, or electrocuting someone; the act or process of learning to do any or all of these things (event noun, eižaδai).

žaδē — A person or other living thing which emits electricity, as an electric eel; or which senses electric fields (animate noun, ēžaδai).

žaδi — To learn and master the uses of electricity (intransitive verb, zažaδix).

žaδirnē — A person who does the above; a student or apprentice electrician, electric-power technician or engineer, electrifier, or electrocutioner (animate noun, ēžaδirnai).

žaδo — Like or pertaining to electricity; electrical (adjective, žaδol).

žaδy — As above, but an adverb; electrically (adverb, žaδyr).

ŽASK–

Etymology: Eretiǹgrai zhaska, partial, incomplete (adjective)

žaska — To break something down into its parts (transitive verb, zažaskax).

Žaskai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Žaski (proper noun).

žaskakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of a distinct and recognizable part of something (count noun, ežaskakorai).

žaskakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ežaskakorestai).

žaskakristei — A dream of losing a part of oneself, of being torn to pieces, or of coming apart (event noun, eižaskakristai).

žaskakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eižaskakristestai).

žaskarnē — A person who reduces something to its component parts (animate noun, ēžaskarnai).

žaske — A part of something (count noun, ežaskai).

žaskeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ežaskestai).

žaskê — Partialness, incompleteness (mass noun, êžaskai).

žaskei — The act of breaking or reducing something into its parts; the act of losing a part, being torn apart, falling to pieces or coming apart (event noun, eižaskai).

žaskē — A person or other living thing part of a larger whole, especially a biological whole; or with identifiable body parts, as like or identical segments, as many worms, insects, and so forth (animate noun, ēžaskai).

žaski — To lose a part of oneself, as an arm or leg; to fall apart or come to pieces (intransitive verb, zažaskix).

žaskirnē — A person who suffers the above (animate noun, ēžaskirnai).

žasko — Like or pertaining to a part; partial, incomplete (adjective, žaskol).

žasky — As above, but an adverb; partly, partially, incompletely (adverb, žaskyr).

ŽAN–

Etymology: Eretiǹgai zhan, to strike with a whip (verb)

žana — To strike someone with a whip, to whip or lash someone (transitive verb, zažanax).

Žanai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Žani (proper noun).

žanakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of a whip, or a person using a whip, or a žanē, q. v. infra (count noun, ežanakorai).

žanakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ežanakorestai).

žanakristei — A dream of whipping someone, of being whipped, of displaying skill with the whip, or of a žanē, q. v. infra (event noun, eižanakristai).

žanakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eižanakristestai).

žanarnē — A person who person who lashes others with a whip; a whipper, a lasher (animate noun, ēžanarnai).

žane — A whip (count noun, ežanai).

žaneste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ežanestai).

žanê — The art of using a whip precisely; skill with a whip (mass noun, êžanai).

žanei — The act of lashing someone or something with a whip, of whipping the same; or of cracking a whip without striking anyone, as an art of a display of skill (event noun, eižanai).

žanē — A whipper, a species of predator native to Kantos in both Histories. Whippers grow to between five to ten feet in height. They stand upright on their hind tentacles and use their fore tentacles like whips, whence the name (animate noun, ēžanai).

žani — To move like a whip, as a tentacle or snake; to crack a whip without striking anything, as for getting attention or as part of a performance (intransitive verb, zažanix).

žanirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēžanirnai).

žano — Like or pertaining to a whip; whiplike (adjective, žanol).

žany — As above, but an adverb; with a whiplike motion (adverb, žanyr).

ŽEL–

Etymology: Eretiǹgrai zhel, to chop (verb)

žela — To chop something, to take chips out of it, to reduce it to chips (transitive verb, zaželax).

Želai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Žela (proper noun).

želakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of a chopping implement, or a chip of something (count noun, eželakorai).

želakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, eželakorestai).

želakristei — A dream of chopping (event noun, eiželakristai).

želakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eiželakristestai).

želarnē — A person who chops something, takes chips out of something, or reduces something to chips (animate noun, ēželarnai).

žele — A chip of something, or a chip out of something (count noun, eželai).

želeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, eželestai).

želê — Choppiness (mass noun, êželai).

želei — The act of chopping something, taking chips out of it, or reducing it to chips; learning to chop; collecting chips of something, as chips of cedar for a closet, or to put around the base of a tree (event noun, eiželai).

želē — A person or other living thing that strikes with a limb suitable for chopping, as some invertebrates (animate noun, ēželai).

želi — To learn to chop efficiently; to collect chips of something (intransitive verb, zaželix).

želirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēželirnai).

želo — Like or pertaining to chopping or chipping; choppy (adjective, želol).

žely — As above, but an adverb (adverb, želyr).

ŽERET–

Etymology: že, informal name for the letter Ž, + ret, a letter of the alphabet (count noun)

žereta — To mark something with the letter Ž (transitive verb, zažeretax).

Žeretai — A personal name, of any gender (proper noun).

žeretakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of the letter Ž (count noun, ežeretakorai).

žeretakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ežeretakorestai).

žeretakristei — A dream of the letter Ž (event noun, eižeretakristai).

žeretakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eižeretakristestai).

žeretarnē — A person who marks something with the letter Ž (animate noun, ēžeretarnai).

žerete — The letter Ž (count noun, ežeretai).

žereteste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ežeretestai).

žeretê — Ž-ness, the balance, shape, design, or composition of the letter Ž (mass noun, êžeretai).

žeretei — The act of marking something with the letter Ž; or making art which includes or incorporates the letter (event noun, eižeretai).

žeretē — A person or other living thing whose name begins with the letter Ž (animate noun, ēžeretai).

žereti — To make art which includes or incorporates the letter Ž (intransitive verb, zažeretix).

žeretirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēžeretirnai).

žereto — Like or pertaining to the letter Ž (adjective, žeretol).

žerety — As above, but an adverb (adverb, žeretyr).

ŽIV–

Etymology: Eretiǹgrai aživ, a statue (noun)

živa — To make a statue depicting someone (transitive verb, zaživax).

Živai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Živo (proper noun).

živakore — A piece of jewelry which is a miniature statue (count noun, eživakorai).

živakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, eživakorestai).

živakristei — A dream of statues, as in a garden; or of sculpture, making statues (event noun, eiživakristai).

živakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eiživakristestai).

živarnē — A person who makes a statue of someone (animate noun, ēživarnai).

žive — A statue (count noun, eživai).

živeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, eživestai).

živê — Material suitable for making a statue; also, skill as a sculptor (mass noun, êživai).

živei — The act of making a statue of someone; sculpture; the act or process of learning sculpture; the act of making abstract three-dimensional art (event noun, eiživai).

živē — A person or other living thing which is stiff, statuelike in its motions; or which is utterly still between its motions; or an animals which makes three-dimensional art (animate noun, ēživai).

živi — To learn sculpture; to make abstract three-dimensional art (intransitive verb, zaživix).

živirnē — A person who does the above; a sculptor (animate noun, ēživirnai).

živo — Like or pertaining to a statue, especially statuesque (adjective, živol).

živy — As above, but an adverb (adverb, živyr).

ŽOL–

Etymology: Eretiǹgrai azho, night (noun)

žola — To make it night, as by extinguishing the local sun or turning the planet away from it; figuratively, to make it night with blackout curtains or by going into a cave, basement, or other place with no windows or lights (transitive verb, zažolax).

Žolai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Žola (proper noun).

žolakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of something associated with night, as an owl or an eclipsed sun (count noun, ežolakorai).

žolakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ežolakorestai).

žolakristei — A dream of night (event noun, eižolakristai).

žolakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eižolakristestai).

žolarnē — A person who makes it night, or puts out the sun; a nightbringer (animate noun, ēžolarnai).

žole — Night, night time (count noun, ežolai).

žoleste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ežolestai).

žolê — The quality that makes night different from day; nocturnalness, nocturnity (mass noun, êžolai).

žolei — Nightfall, the coming or onset of night (event noun, eižolai).

žolē — A nocturnal animal, an inhabitant of night (animate noun, ēžolai).

žoli — To be awake and active at night, rather than day (intransitive verb, zažolix).

Žolimpai — The sovereign ruler of Night, a figure in Er. mythology (proper noun).

žolimpe — The realm of night, the kingdom of night, the domain of night (count noun, ežolimpai).

žolirnē — A person who's usually awake and active at night; a night-walker (animate noun, ēžolirnai).

žolo — Like or pertaining to night; nocturnal, night-time (adjective, žolol).

žoly — As above, but an adverb; nocturnally, at night, during the night (adverb, žolyr).

ŽUM–

Etymology: Eretiǹgrai ožum, mercury (noun)

žuma — To amalgamate something with mercury (transitive verb, zažumax).

Žumai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Žuma (proper noun).

žumakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of Ž, the chemical symbol of mercury, or any other symbol or emblem of the element (count noun, ežumakorai).

žumakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ežumakorestai).

žumakristei — A dream of mercury (event noun, eižumakristai).

žumakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eižumakristestai).

žumarnē — A person who amalgamates something with mercury (animate noun, ēžumarnai).

žume — A chunk of mercury ore, as cinnabar (count noun, ežumai).

žumeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ežumestai).

žumê — Mercury, a chemical element (symbol Ž, atomic number 120, or "80" in "decimal"). Also known as hydragyrum in Latin (hence its Inside symbol Hg), and quicksilver in English (mass noun, êžumai).

žumei — The act of amalgamating something with mercury; the act or learning about mercury and its properties, and how to handle it safely (event noun, eižumai).

žumē — A person or other living thing which is vermillion-colored (animate noun, ēžumai).

žumi — To learn about mercury, its properties, and how to handle it safely (intransitive verb, zažumix).

žumirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēžumirnai).

žumo — Like or pertaining to mercury; vermillion-colored, mercurial (adjective, žumol).

žumy — As above, but an adverb (adverb, žumyr).

ŠAF–

Etymology: Er. shaf, fall, fall down (verb)

šafa — To make someone or something fall, to push or throw someone or something from a high place, to knock someone or something down (transitive verb, zašafax).

Šafai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Šafi (proper noun).

šafakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of someone or something falling, as a leaf (count noun, ešafakorai).

šafakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ešafakorestai).

šafakristei — A dream of falling, or falling down (event noun, eišafakristai).

šafakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eišafakristestai).

šafarnē — A person who makes someone or something fall, or pushes or throws someone or something from a high place, or knocks someone or something down; a pusher, a shover, a bully (animate noun, ēšafarnai).

šafe — A memento of a fall, as an injury suffered in a fall (count noun, ešafai).

šafeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ešafestai).

šafê — The sensation of falling (mass noun, êšafai).

šafei — The act of making someone or something fall, or fall down; the act of falling, or falling down; a fall (event noun, eišafai).

šafē — A person or other living thing who falls or falls down frequently, as a clumsy person, someone with a bad sense of balance, or an injury that makes ym unsteady on ys feet, or a toddler or newborn animal not yet able to stand well (animate noun, ēšafai).

šafi — To fall or fall down (intransitive verb, zašafix).

šafirnē — A person who falls or falls down (animate noun, ēšafirnai).

šafo — Like or pertaining to falling or falling down (adjective, šafol).

šafy — As above, but an adverb (adverb, šafyr).

ŠI–

Etymology: Er. shi, in, into (preposition)

šia — To go into something (transitive verb, zašiax).

Šiai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Šiu (proper noun).

šiakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of the inside of something, or an opening into something, or one thing placed on top of another (count noun, ešiakorai).

šiakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ešiakorestai).

šiakristei — A dream of going into something, as a cave; or being inside something, as a hole; or being on top of something, as a building (event noun, eišiakristai).

šiakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eišiakristestai).

šiarnē — A person who goes into something; an enterer; by extension, an intruder (animate noun, ēšiarnai).

šie — The inside or top of something; a memento of entrance, as a ticket for a concert in a theater (count noun, ešiai).

šieste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ešiestai).

šiê — innerness, inwardness, the exalted feeling of being on top of something high (mass noun, êšiai).

šiei — The act of entering something or climbing on top of something; the state of being inside something (event noun, eišiai).

šiē — A person or other living thing which lives inside something, as an indoors person, a cave-dweller, burrow-dweller, or internal parasite or symbiont; or a living thing which dwells on something, as plants that grow on the roofs of houses, or shellfish that live on rocks or ships. Also, in the Second History, a person or living thing from an Inside world (animate noun, ēšiai).

šii — To be inside something (intransitive verb, zašiix).

šiirnē — A person who is inside something (animate noun, ēšiirnai).

šio — Inner, inside, internal, inward, within (adjective, šiol).

ši-u — In, inside of (ablative object); into, onto (accusative object). Note: in or at is more elegantly expressed without a preposition, by placing the location in the locative case, for a location in space (in the house, at home), or the temporal case, for a location in time (at noon, in a month). Using an adverb is even better. Thus, ši-u ecomê means "in the house" or "inside the house", while ši-u ecomi means "into the house" or "on to the house". The noun by itself in the locative case, ecome, is more elegant, but less precise; normally it means "in the house" or "at the the house"; the noun in the ablative case, ecomê, normally means "about the house", in the sense of "Tell me about your house". But it could also be the subject of the title of a book or story, as in "The House at Pooh Corner", or the object of an unexpressed preposition that takes the ablative case, meaning "next to, in front of, behind, beneath" and so forth. The adverb comyr is the most elegant way to say any of these things, but the least precise (preposition, spelled SH + I + U, never SH + IU ši-u).

šiy — As shio, but an adverb; internally, inwardly (adverb, šiyr).

ŠIRET–

Etymology: ši, informal name for the letter Š, + ret, a letter of the alphabet (count noun)

šireta — To mark something with the letter Š (transitive verb, zaširetax).

širetarnē — A person who marks something with the letter Š (animate noun, ēširetarnai).

širete — The letter Š of the T́uliǹgrai alphabet (count noun, eširetai).

šireteste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, eširetestai).

širetekore — A piece of jewelry in the form of the letter Š of the T́uliǹgrai alphabet (count noun, eširetekorai).

širetekoreste — A group or set or collection of the above; or a box to keep them in (count noun, eširetekorestai).

širetê — Š-ness, the balance, shape, design, or composition of the letter Š (mass noun, êširetai).

širetei — The act of marking something with an Š, or making art incorporating the letter Š (event noun, eiširetai).

šireti — To make a piece of art that incorporates the letter Š (intransitive verb, zaširetix).

širetirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēširetirnai).

šireto — Like or pertaining to the letter Š (adjective, širetol).

širety — As above, but an adverb (adverb, širetyr).

ŠOT–

Etymology: Er. eišoto, war (noun)

šota — To fight a war against, to make war against (transitive verb, zašotax).

Šotai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Šoto (proper noun).

šotakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of a weapon, an implement of war, or a piece of war equipment (count noun, ešotakorai).

šotakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ešotakorestai).

šotakristei — A dream of war (event noun, eišotakristai).

šotakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eišotakristestai).

šotarnē — A person who fights in a war against someone, who wages war against someone, a soldier, warrior, veteran (animate noun, ēšotarnai).

šote — Anything connected to war, as a weapon, souvenir, piece of equipment, medal, piece of uniform, or rank badge (count noun, ešotai).

šoteste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ešotestai).

šotê — Skill, training, discipline, or experience in warfare; memories from war (mass noun, êšotai).

šotei — War; the act of warring, of making war, waging war; belligerence, bellicosity, hostility (event noun, eišotai).

šotē — A species, or member of a species who fight or wage wars of extermination against other groups, especially of their own kind, as human beings or ants (animate noun, ēšotai).

šoti — To train for warfare, to learn to be a warrior, to study the history and master the skills of warfare (intransitive verb, zašotix).

šotirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēšotirnai).

šoto — Like or pertaining to war; of war, warlike, belligerent, bellicose, hostile (adjective, šotol).

šoty — As above, but an adverb; in warlike, bellicose or hostile manner; belligerently (adverb, šotyr).

ŠUM–

Etymology: Er. ashum, sea serpent (noun)

šuma — To do battle with a sea serpent (transitive verb, zašumax).

Šumai — A personal name, of any gender, transcribed in fiction on this site as Šumo (proper noun).

šumakore — A piece of jewelry in the shape of a sea serpent (count noun, ešumakorai).

šumakoreste — A bunch, set, or collection of such jewelry; or a box to keep them in (count noun, ešumakorestai).

šumakristei — A dream of a sea serpent (event noun, eišumakristai).

šumakristestei — A group or bunch of such dreams (event noun, eišumakristestai).

šumarnē — A person who fights a sea serpent (animate noun, ēšumarnai).

šume — A tool or weapon used to fight a sea serpent; or a memento of a kill, as a tooth or scale (count noun, ešumai).

šumeste — A group or set or collection of the above (count noun, ešumestai).

šumê — The ferocity of a sea serpent, or the dread or terror of one (mass noun, êšumai).

šumei — The act of doing battle with a sea serpent, or watching them as a hobby, or of studying them scientifically (event noun, eišumai).

šumē — The ocean-dwelling carnivorous serpents of Habêkai, solitary and territorial except in mating season. They grow as long as they live, reaching incredible lengths, since they live until they're killed by bigger serpents, die of disease, or starve. The Serpent is one of the constellations. (animate noun, ēšumai).

šumi — To watch sea serpents, as a hobby, or study them, for scientific purposes (intransitive verb, zašumix).

šumirnē — A person who does the above (animate noun, ēšumirnai).

šumo — Like or pertaining to sea serpents (adjective, šumol).

šumy — As above, but an adverb (adverb, šumyr).